Magazine Advertisements: Textual Analysis + Research

Pearl Jam - Backspacer







The mise-en-scene in this advertisement are all very stereotypical of the indie rock genre, it includes dark colours with vibrant cartoons of genre influenced interests such as instruments and mythical/magical creatures and animations. The colours of this advertisement is what would make it stand out on a rack against any other magazines, with the background being black and the images being such bright colours, you cant help but notice them and there is no way this advertisement could blend or go unnoticed. The name of the band is positioned at the very top of the ad, this is so if it was on a rack this would be what you would notice, this is Pearl Jams way of showing that their name is recognisable enough and they don't need a picture of them on it, showing how famous they know they are. This sort of imaging and writing is very typical to the band as their CD's are very similar with the images, colours and fonts. This is almost like the bands' motif but is also their way of becoming recognisable to fans, and you could spot them out easily. Each image in the square boxes is animated and do not make very much sense, this is very typical to indie and rock bands to use animations instead of real life imagery. This is because they are known to be different and always want to stand out and be individuals. The use of a black background is a link to the darker side of rock when everything is more 'hard-core' but they contrast against this with pictures that are bright and when looked at are quite humorous, almost like a funny comic strip -again linking to the individuality (the images are actually all created by a cartoonist Dan Perkins for the band). Further down the name of the album 'Backspacer' again is in very big lettering and in a light colour which makes it stand out against the black. The reason for the size of this font is for one reason only - to stand out, if you were to quickly look at the ad you would see the title and it would stick in your mind and when you go to a music store you know exactly which name to look for as you can't miss it. There is a list of added extras at the bottom of the page, 'CD/downloads album comes with 2 entire concerts to download' this is to show fans just how much you are getting for your money and this immediately makes you think what you are spending is more then worth it for what you get free, not just a CD but 2 concerts! In this piece of writing there is also a link to a single of the bands 'the fixer' this is so people who are reading it and have heard that song will know they liked that so are guaranteed to like the whole album, as fans have a lot of loyalty towards their favourite bands. The release date is also in extremely big and bold font, this lets audiences know when they can get it, and everyone will want to get it and not be left out so are guaranteed to go out on that release date and buy the album, again linking to loyalty. The font of all this information almost seems a bit messy and busy, almost as if it has been written when someone was on the move, or in a vehicle, this could link to the busy life of being a band and the moving from place to place, and tour buses etc. Underneath all this information is some reviews. The Guardian and Q each wrote what they think about the album, the reason these two quotes are mentioned is because both The Guardian and Q are very popular and overly read magazines and newspapers, so any one who reads them will know if they say it's good then it must be good, as people are very influenced by what they read and will take in what they are told if it's said by a product which they consume. Also the use of star ratings is a way to show just how well the album has done, and to receive a rating of four stars by Q, shows its very highly rated and this is automatically seen as a good thing, and people will trust this decision. There are two websites at the bottom of the page, one is Pearl Jam's own and one is the record label 'Island Records' this again is a way for fans to follow the band, as most people who really like them will see the website and will automatically go on there and have a look what they can find. On the website there is a lot on offer, photos, music and t-shirts, again this could lead to fans spending more money on the band as they see more merchandise, so the ad including the website is a way of enticing fans to see more! In the very bottom corner there is the HMV logo and website, this is an intertextual reference linking the band with a very well known institution of the music industry, and shows fans where they can go to buy the CD and anything else Pearl Jam related that HMV may sell.



Jamiroquai - High Times



The title of the band is written in a quite fun and funky way with an almost bubble writing effect, this is a link to the bands jazzy/ funky vibe. Underneath the band name is the title of the CD 'High Times', this is showing that releasing singles and making music were the high times for the band - the best times. Then they list the dates the band were releasing music between - 1992-2006, this show the many years the band have been going for, and shows they have always been popular if they have been able to keep going and have fans for that amount of time. The release date is listed also this is for fans loyalty towards the band, this is because when they see this date they will go out and buy it.



The image on the advertisement is of a beach, whenever people think of a beach it reminds them of a fun and happy place, this links back to the title of 'High Times'. The use of a crown lying on the beach is to show them as they king of music and as though they are top of the world, the highest rank. Also he has worn this crown in live performances and video shoots, this is an motif of the band but also could show that this image has stuck with him through all the years of releasing music which again links to the dates shown at the top of the ad, and the past and present link. The saturation is quite low on the image making it a bit duller, but there is still colour to be seen, the shows maturity as it's quite calm and not loads going on. Also, black and white is usually a link to memories but the use of colour is up to date, which shows the mix of old and new and is showing the Jamiroquai in past and present, and their ability to stay popular and release music throughout the years.


Near the bottom of the ad is the list of 'CD/ Special Edition CD/DVD/Download' this is to show you are getting more for your money and makes you more likely to go out and buy it as in current times people are trying to get what they

can and love anything for free. Amazon.co.uk logo is shown in the bottom corner of the ad, this intertextual reference is showing where you can go out and buy it, and Internet shopping is very popular as it is a lot easier than going out to the shop and buying, this could increase the amount of buyers. Jamiroquai's website is also shown in the bottom, this is another way for fans to follow the band and could even end up buying more than just the CD. It lists '17 Greatest Hits including-' then lists the most popular of song releases. This is so if you had heard any of these and liked them you are guaranteed to like the rest and go and purchase the CD to see any other songs you may like. In the corner there is the bands motif, this is a small person with horns, which is seen in one of their videos, and is on of their CD covers, this is so you have something recognisable to link to the band.









- The motif of Jamiroquai.

DVD/CD Digipak Promo Cover: Textual Analysis + Research

Green Day Live 8 Berlin


The title on the cover is very typical to Green Days’ style; it’s all very dull with a sudden splash of cover, a bright red amongst the black. This makes it stand out and when placed in a rack at the shop this would be the first thing you would notice, showing that their name is just as popular as their faces. The use of red is representative to the bands music – loud! The use of rips in the text is a link to the bands rebellious side, as rips are a way of destroying things and doing something you shouldn’t do, which is what Green Day is known for.

The photographs on the front and back of the DVD are both of the band members, showing it’s all about them and the want to be recognised for the name and the face. The front cover is of the entire band standing in front of a city, but the city is made to be tiny, which in turn makes the band look taller and much more important. One of the band members have his tattoos on show, this is a link again to the rebellion of the band and shows them as much more hardcore. The red tie links them into the title and again is iconic to the band as Billy Joel is often seen with the red tie, making sure he always stands out. The clothing is very conventional to indie bands also, the smart but dark clothing is very stereotypical and would not been seen in any other genres covers. Billy Joel is seen to be pointing straight at the audience and the other members are all staring straight at them also. This draws us in and builds a personal relationship to the band. The back has a picture of Billy Joel (the main member, so a recognisable face) playing live, this not only shows it’s all about the music but also shows the band have natural talent and enjoy what they do. The back lists all of the well known songs, so that the audience have something they already knew about so they want to see what else they have to offer on the DVD. They include the live 8 symbol so that audience recognise the charity event that the boys took part in; charity events are very typical to the indie scene. But also this makes the audience have sympathy for the band as they are doing something for the community- which also represents them as ‘do-gooders’, which is a weird mix with their rebellious side. Showing that even though they are meant to break rules, they can still do well for charity.

The copyright and censorship details at the bottom of the DVD are very small, showing that they need it there but they don’t want it to take over their image, showing again they want it to be all about the band and nothing else. The spine of the DVD includes the date of the event, so you know when it took part so even if you missed it you will know when it was or when you look back on it in the future you will be able to remember the event.

Unlike some CD/DVD Digpaks, this one did not include inside covers, only the front and back, I feel this is maybe just because it was the structure of a DVD, and these rarely include anything on the inside. On the other hand it could also be for simplicity, that Greenday only wanted to include the important information and they could do this just with a front and back.



Britney Spears In The Zone Inside Covers




As the other cover I analysed did not include any inside covers, I analysed a second to show that I knew what certain conventions show on the insides of the Didgpiak. Inside Brintneys digipak there was a leaflet that comes out from the inside. It is a large poster of her with information about the bonus CD, things included in it, who produced and helped in the making of it, and also includes photographs of her other CD's.

A few of her photos are natural colours with no effects, which shows the real her, instead of the other images of her which have the blue tint, so we have an insight to her before edits. Each of her photos show the male gaze, all very sexual and barely dressed. This is her way of showing herself as grown up and away from her old "pop princess" days. In one of the pictures she has messy hair which looks like she has been in the wind or just woken up, this shows her a bit less than perfect, before all the hair and make-up steps in and makes her look "done up" this could show her as a little less interested in how she looks and also natural beauty as she doesn't need her hair to be in place to look good. The main large poster which folds out, has a mix of the innocence and sexuality. She is dressed in a long flowing white dress, which links to innocence and purity, but the dress itself is low cut and revealing which shows off her body and the way she wants to look attractive to males.

The background of all the images are very feminie and pretty, with pinks, light blues and flowers. This almost links back to her younger fans as it looks almost like a "barbie" scene. But when you look closely at the flowers, they have a tattoo look to them which links her back to her rebellion and grown up stage, show she is trying to relate to both old and new fans, and the use of blue could all so be a link to both genders of fans, boys and girls of all ages.

All the writing about the bonus CD, things included in it, who produced and helped in the making of it is all down the sides, which shows that her photos are most important and they don't want the writing to take over it, but know they need to be included to thank people who helped Britney throughout.


Meatloaf – Bat Out of Hell 2 – Back Into Hell

The image on the front of Bat out of Hell 2 promotional album and DVD Digipak has an animated image on the front, this links with a lot of Meatloaf’s work such as music videos and album artwork which are also animated. This particular version of Bat out of Hell is a still image from his most famous song Bat out of Hell’s video, which will catch the buyers eyes as we know that song will be on the album. The still is of a giant bat clinging on to the top of a grand building that looks like it is on fire, along with the other buildings in the background. There is a long haired man on a motorbike which appears to be flying at the bat, both are ready to attack eachother. The camera angle is a low angle which looks up at the action, viewing from on lookers’ point of view which makes the audience an immediate part of the scene. The tranquil blue/grey colour of the clouds contrasts with the fiery, dangerous red of the bat, buildings and fire. The clouds could be seen as a fantasy heaven with grand buildings and neutral colours, and with the title telling us ‘Bat out of Hell’ gives us the story of a bat coming out of hell and breaking loose and destroying the grand buildings and this fantasy heaven which also contrasts and can show a rebellion against religion where heaven and hell are mixed.

Another thing that represents rebellion is the man on the motorbike. Motorbikes are usually seen as rebellious and dangerous, and stereotypically are seen with a long-haired rocker on them which is what this one has and the man on the bike has long hair and is wearing tight black leathers with boots which is also a stereotype of a rocker. Yet his leathers have a blue glow from the sky could again represent heaven and hell. There is a golden angel sitting on the top of the tower, being protected by the bat, the blue glow of the biker could show purity and his good side but the fact that the underside of the bike has a glow of red from the fire shows his 'hardcore' and dangerous side.

There is an intertextual reference at the bottom which shows ‘Songs by Jim Steinman’ who is a successful American record producer, composer and lyricist. He worked with Meatloaf on Bat out of Hell and Bat out of Hell 2 Back into Hell. As this is the only piece of writing besides the artist and album name, this could be that the band wants to be associated with him and him with them, which helps each others publicity.

On the back cover the background is the blue fantasy clouds – the heaven image, which is what side they want us to be supporting. We are given a list of CD1, CD2 and DVD and the contents of each in a black font, this shows us we get a lot more extras and more for our money which is what the audience want to see when buying a product like this. At the bottom it shows in a white font the copyright, institutional information, websites, duration, language, and gives a reference to Abbey Road Interactive.

The spine simply tells us the artist and album title and institutional logos, this could represent that all they want you to know about is the music.

The inside of the Digipak for meatloaf is pretty simple, which is in complete contrast to the front which has a lot going on and has a cartoon/mythical feel to it.

The right side of the cover is a blue, and blue is known as a calming colour, which could show his music is calm or that Meatloaf himself is a calm person, as he is an older artist. The red and black font is to link the cover and the inside as they all include these, this makes a continuous flowing pattern of colour.

The left side is a photograph of him, showing he wants to establish himself by his face as this can't be seen on the front. He is posing but almost looks as though he is doing it in a funny mick-taking way, which shows even though he is famous he is still a laid back, fun man. He is dressed quite smartly in what looks like a suit, this links to his profession and could also show his wealth. He appears to be sat on stage, with rows of seats behind him which immediately audience will recognise as a theatre or place of performance, this again showing his fame and that he is able to perform easily in front of a large audience. His suit is again red and black, following the pattern set. With the chairs in the background being red also, he seems to blend in, which could show him as complete comfortable on stage, almost as though he and the stage are one. The way he is sat shows comfortability and relaxation which shows how as he has been performing for so many years that he is completely at ease. The image as a whole is quite brightly lit, which could reflect the spot light being on Meatloaf. Most things included in this inside are showing a link to fame for Meatloaf, which is kind of his way of showing off his obvious talent.

Promo Video: Textual Analysis + Research

Mcfly: Promoting Radio:ACTIVE



The opening of the video shows a picture of the band, which appears to be from a photo shoot, with screaming fans and them playing in the background, this is a link to their obvious fame and showing the huge following they have, a few more from this photo shoot fade in and fade out throughout the first few seconds, the use of these fades could symbolise the coming and going of the band, they tour then they go away to record and then come back again, but we never forget about them. This is also their way of introducing themselves so we immediately know it's all about Mcfly. Closely followed by the credits, so we know everyone by their names, putting us on a much more personal level. There is a short clip of a performance at the iTunes festival, this places them as performers from the very beginning of the video. With this performance and any other time the band are performing or taking part in anything, a title appears in the corner telling you where the band are and the date that they were there, which is a way again of keeping fans up to date, so even if they missed that performance they can still feel as though they were there. Then we move on to the band members giving us a narration telling what they've been up to the past weeks and what they will be getting up to throughout the DVD and in the near future, this is so as an audience we feel up to date and haven't missed out on anything the band have been doing, and we again feel more personal as it feels like they want us to know what they've been doing almost as casual chit-chat. By this we result in being reminded about the relationship we have with the band, as the fans would obviously be up to date with what they had been up to but the loyalty factor shows in them repeating it to make sure everyone is at the same stage in understanding their career. Throughout the whole video the interview is always in the same place, and always uses the same camera angle, it is always a medium shot of the whole band sat on a sofa, this is so we see the whole band even when they are not all talking, we know they're all in agreement and this shows how close the band members all are. The clothing in this interview is the same throughout the hour clip, they always appear to be laid-back and casual, and their clothes have a high-street look about them, which humanises the band, as they are not worried about splashing the cash, and they are more about their music than their image, which is how most people would want bands to be. The band are all seen as narrators/performers, this is so we get a professional and a personal side from them, and shows off their many talents, of being able to not only perform, but then tell us about it afterwards, the audience then feels fully involved as if they were an interviewer finding out about how they band felt they had done. Here, even though they are in a working mode – being professional – the way they use their mode of address links with our friendly relationship theory.

The setting of the majority of Mcfly's performances says a lot about the band. It is a theatre which is a lot smaller than most of the other gigs they have been doing, which have been large arena's with huge stages. This has an intimate feel to it, as everything is close. The stage is small so the members are all close together, and also the audience is close to the stage too. More than that though, this shows that even though they have done huge gigs they are still more than happy to come back and do smaller things, showing that all the fame has definitely not gone to their heads, and they know what fans want is the most important thing to them. In this theatre there is always shots of both the band playing and then wide shots of audience where they are standing, this is again to show the importance of the audience, as they do not want all the attention to be on them, but there fans also. In all these performance scenes, there is a orange/red lighting falling over the audience and partly the band, the reason for this is reds are seen as a romantic colour, and as mentioned earlier there is an intimate feeling to the whole performance so the lighting links in with this completely. When they are performing Mcfly show the usual attitude that most pop-rock bands are known for, when playing they are rarely seen standing still, and the guitar players are always jumping all over the stage while playing instead of just standing on the spot, looking in to the audience, this shows Mcfly's love for music, as they still find it fun, and know how to put on a show and get the crowd going. And throughout the performances, we can always see the bands logo on the bass drum, which is seen in many of their music videos also, which of course means this is now known as the bands motif - so when you see it you immediately know who it's for.

The camera is always seen as though it’s just following the boys around, which makes the audience feel as if they are travelling around with them, most of the scenes are shot on a hand held camera by one of the bands crew. This again relates to the relationship because they are putting you as their friend rather than a fan. No matter what they're doing the audience can always feel involved as they always have the camera with them so you get an insight to everything. On one of the journeys, the camera is put into night vision mode, this is to show the audience that Mcfly work around the clock and don't stop until the late night, showing their dedication and determination to their job and music. We get to see a lot of the post-production and all the work that they put in, there's scenes of making a video, photo shoots and all the other work that goes in, showing that if you really want something then you have to go for it no matter how long it takes, and as we see, shooting videos takes Mcflys days. A lot of the time that the performances are being shown the edit called split screen is used, the screen is usually split into about 2 or 3 blocks, showing different angles of the performance: the audience and the band, but also when they are on the set of making the video 'Lies' we see all the different steps that go into making it, the performing, the special effects etc. And also on one of their other songs 'Here's a song for the radio', the screen splits in half, one side showing the first draft of the video without edits and the other shows the finished project, this way we see how all the hard work pays off in the end when you have a successful music video, in this clip we also have a notion of looking, as one camera goes behind the camera filming the music video and we see what they see, so it feels as though we are the director. Another reason for the split screen of course is so that we can watch all of the action going on but at once, so we can capture everything as there is a lot to watch. We then get to meet some of the crew who help on set of making one of the bands videos, this again makes a personal relationship with the audience, as we know people help Mcfly but you never get to see them or hear about them it's always just the band members, this also shows that Mcfly appreciate the help and this is their way of recognising them. Mcfly do show stuff that other musicians wouldn't want to be seen which shows there trust is fans and that they are not secretive about anything, in one scene we hear Danny Jones telling us that they are having to practice a few songs as they are not very good at them, and we see them trying and not succeeding at some songs, this again humanises them as we realise they aren't just good straight away and they need practice to get better, as we see them performing you can sometimes forget about the rehearsing and stuff that comes first, so Mcfly are showing that they aren't perfect and want fans to know they are not, which some performers would want to steer clear of. But this is followed by a clip of Danny playing the guitar just for the sake of it, not on stage or anything just sat down, this shows his natural talent and ability and his obvious love for music and playing instruments as he does it when he has spare time. Also there is a scene which is a meeting with the band and their producer, and they are having a slight disagreement about something, and we can see the obvious struggle the band is going through, trying to make the right decision, this makes the audience feel what they are going through and also makes us feel like one of the crew members trying to help the band out. There are also more personal times that the band let us in on, when they are visiting Niagara Falls, the camera is crabbed to the right, and all the band is standing in a line to the left, so it feels as though the audience is stood on the end, watching with them, which almost created a friendlier bond, as it's their free time from not performing and you are stood there with them, making you feel included. One of the performances is in black and white, this is showing the bands nostalgia as they are looking back to one of the gigs when they were not so big and famous, this shows they are obviously still proud of those smaller times, otherwise without them they wouldn't have got as far as they have now, as every band has to start somewhere.

The band do something very different to what any other band have ever done before which I feel will have been their USP, they sold their whole album through The Daily Mirror newspaper, which meant the fans could get the CD for the price of the newspaper. This immediately gave them a wider audience, as not only Mcfly fans, but people who read the newspaper daily would pick up the paper and have the CD, which could widen their target audience also. In their video they showed them going to the interview with The Daily Mirror, I think they included this as they were promoting Mcfly so this was their way of Mcfly repaying the favour, and also you would have people who loved Mcfly and didn't normal buy the paper going out and getting it meaning their sales would increase, so it worked both ways. Again Mcfly included their audience on this interview and the camera was placed right between the band and the people they were talking to which almost made it like we we're being nosey and listening in, but were still aloud to be in on the conversation, as this press release obviously meant a lot to them.

The way Mcfly are seen in this video vanishes their representation of the typical 'boy band' image- known to be cheesy and young. We see just how serious Mcfly are about their music and how much it means to them, and the fact that they write their own music is a big point to, as bands such as Busted didn't, and Mcfly are sometimes teased to be like them. And we see how they handle everything they get put through and how they get all of their busy schedules sorted and carry on even when we can see the exhaustion in their faces. They are also seen to be 'do-gooders' in this as we see them doing a meet and greet with all their fans, and the first fan we see them taking a photo with is a young disabled girl, and you can see the smile on her face from meeting them, this instantly raises Mcflys likability factor.

The video ends with a gig of theirs for the Olympic Torch event, this is an epic gig for them, with a lot more fans and backing singers and orchestra which they have never had before, this shows their ability to work under pressure, but by putting this as the ending to their video shows they want you to remember them as performers and the last thing you hear is their music. Then we see them getting into a car and driving off, this is a clear symbolisation of the end of all their events. There is then a fade into the credits which read 'To be continued..' This is Mcfly's way of telling us they will definitely be back for more and the word continue shows that it'll be like they never left in the first place. Throughout this whole ending we can hear the screaming fans in the background showing just how adored they are and how great their performance was, they are confident musicians.


Britney Spears - In The Zone



The use of the title 'In The Zone' immediately establishes Britney as a singer who clearly takes her job seriously, as in the zone usually means that your in full concentration and nothing else matters. Also this line is featured in one of Madonna's hits, and as many may know, Madonna has a link to Britney's success. This promotional video is her way of showing off her talents and making sure the whole audience knows it's all about her. The way in which she narrates and performs shows this, the narration shows it is personal and the performance shows all the attention is on her.
The beginning and ending of the video both feature and establishing shot of New York, this is to show Britney's new image - a new dark and urban image. As it begins there is narration over the top, this is how she introduces her self, straight into talking, almost as if she is telling a story to the audience. It is also a review of her year so we are kept up to date with all her goings on and she wants us to know exactly what she's been through. At the end however it shows a final performance with titles and then shows New York again, this is so the last thing the audience remembers seeing and hearing is Britney performing, this is so you can remember her as an artist more than anything else. The song she chooses to perform is of course the controversial song with Madonna, which put her in all the headlines with the 'kiss' - she chose this one to link her to with fame and fortune again.

Britney is represented in many different ways in this video, this is to show her change in image from her 'pop princess' days, and show she isn't just a one trick pony. In one of the songs, she has a sleeve on that makes it look like her arms are covered in tattoos, this is showing her rebellious side, and that she is far from a princess now. Also in most of the songs shown she is playing a sexy role, which sometimes can be seen as unnecessarily sexy, almost too in your face, but this is her own way of coming across as a grown up who makes her own rules. However, she does loose this look when she performs a ballad; in this she is wearing a white, flowing dress. White is the colour of innocence and links in with the song, showing she does know when to tone it down. In one song she also plays on smart clothing, as she wears a tie but the rest of her clothes are as per usual - skimpy. This shows her ability to be smart while still pulling of the sexy look, also this style links again to Madonna as this what she wore back in the 80's and as we notice throughout most of this video Madonna has quite a big influence on Britney whether she realises it or not. But with all this said however when seen on average days when she is not performing, she looks a lot more laid back and casual, saying that when she's on stage she is a star, but when not performing she knows how to just relax and be a normal, down to earth person this humanises her, as sometimes audiences idolise stars but forget about the backstage and non-performing life.

There are many collaborations with other artist shown throughout. There is a preview of the famous song with Madonna and also she performs with hip-hop artists, this is to show her fame, Madonna is of course a very famous musician and for Britney to be linked with her immediately raises Britneys' fame. And the hip-hop artists show again that she can do more than one style and will not fall in to just one category. There is a song included that mixes country with hip-hop and R'n'B, the country is of course a link to Britney's routes, but again shows the multi-talent she has with different music genres. Britney shows an ability to adapt and take on any kind of music, there is a song which takes on the cabaret theme, and she addresses all the conventions of a cabaret show, the way she dresses, the way she sings and even the way she acts. This shows she can take on any challenge given to her, building her star status. When the other artists are performing, Britney almost blends in to the background, almost as if she wants them to share her fame as well, as if she is so famous she can let some one else enjoy it for once.

The entire behind scenes footage and family footage show Britney as a human-being not just a performer. Also the photo montages do this too, as we do not only see photos from the shoots she has done that are professional but also selections of photos that are more personal, when she was younger and family photographs, this is to show the two sides of Britney coming together as one. She wants her audience to know she is just like them, and anyone can get to where she was through trying. They show the build up of her career, the trying and struggling, showing that she wasn't just given it she had to work for it, which sends out a truthful message for anyone who really wants to do something in life. Clips were shown of her when she was younger performing which shows the audience its something she's always wanted from a young age, and that she's been trying to get far for a long time. All of these clips are just to humanise Britney as we sometimes forget singers are just like us - we see them performing and forget they lead lives like ours, with their families and friends. We see the relationship Britney has with them too, which almost make us feel like we're close to her as an audience as we are meeting the people she loves. One scene shows her driving in a normal taxi as she just wants to get away from it all, and she does a talk to the camera, which puts the audience on a one to one level with her as if you were sitting there listening to her. Her 'Kids talent foundation' is mentioned to which shows her as a do-gooder as she helps out with younger kids who want to get in to a career like she has, this gives her a likable factor immediately, as everyone wants their children to do well and Britney is helping with this.

The setting in which the video itself is set also says a lot about Britney. It is set in a big building with huge columns all in the background, very over the top and powerful; it shows her as high art. As everything is so big and extravagant, it's Britney's way of slightly hinting to us that she feels she is too, as she's got so far in the music world, she feels strong and powerful. The lighting in the building is quite dim, which gives the whole video and intimate feel to it, which makes you feel close to Britney, but also relates to the sexual content that she is portraying throughout it all.

The camera seems to pan and move around a lot, which is a way to make us feel as if we were there watching her, up close and personal as we see it from every angle and don't miss out on any of the action. When Britney is dressed in some of her more promiscuous outfits and moving around sexually, the camera seems to move over her body a lot, over her hips and following the shape of her, almost as if it was a partner of hers putting his hands on her, this is another way to show Britney has lost the innocent young girl tag she used to have around her and now shes a free woman who can do what she wants with who she wants. The camera angles are always quite close, a lot of close ups and never much further out than mid shots - this is of course because it is to promote Britney so she is of course going to be the main focus, and with the camera always being close to her, the audience never misses any of her action, and it is a way to make you feel close to her on a personal level, rather than just a fan/idol relationship.

Overall this promotional video does exactly what it should do- shows Britney truthfully and shows the audience everything they would ever want to see; and publishes her not only as a performer but a normal human person, so the video builds a relationship with Britney on a more personal level.

Audience Research

Audience Research:


Due to the results shown in this pie chart, we can clearly see that rock is the most popular among the people asked. The genres closely following this are electro/rave, pop and hip hop. Because of these results we will have to either choose one of these as our genre or work out a way to make a combination of them all. We know not to use drum and bass or a soundtrack as they were the results with least people selecting them, and soundtrack would be copyrighting. As a final result we chose indie rock, this is so we could completely relate to our target audience and we have knowledge of the genre anyway. The research in the questionnaire shows that ‘In shops' gained the highest popularity in our target audience, with downloading coming second. As no one picked online shopping, we know we don't necessarily have to put it on anything like Amazon, as there is a chance it won't be seen. With these results we know we have to make our music available on download sites such as iTunes, as this is how people will consume it. We also have to distribute to well known music stores, such as HMV, as they will be where most of target audience will go and see it. When we consider a conglomerate, there would be other companies which we could use also.



This pie chart shows that groups are a lot more popular than solo artists; due to these results it is clear that we should have a group for our media production. Because we want to do indie rock genre we’ll make it into a band.









These results clearly show the need for a mixed band, the audience mainly selected mixed over male or female. This is obviously the most popular so will be what we shall use, this is slightly our USP too as we are having male members and a female singer, not many bands use this.




Action Points:
  1. Select indie rock as a genre.




  2. Research history and artists in indie rock genre.




  3. Find a conglomerate.




  4. Use a mixed gender band as our USP.


Blank Questionnaire:






























Completed Questionaire:




Music Video: Textual Analysis + Research

I'm not Okay- My Chemical Romance



The single was released on the 7th December 2004 as the second single from My Chemical Romance’s second studio album, Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge. It reached number 86 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 19 on the UK Singles Chart. It was then re-released on the 17th January 2005. The song was included in the EA Trax listing for a racing game Burnout 3: Take down, which was very well-received by critics, with an average score of 93% on metacritic.com (a website that gives reviews from respected critics and publications for media products).

The music video of I’m Not Okay, is set in a typical American prep school and shows the everyday issues in the form of a fake movie trailer. The bands image comes across to us from an earlier time in their lives and we see what they may have been like when they were in high school, their image is a slightly exaggerated group of outcast, dorky students, which a typical characteristic of the rock genre, who are picked on from the opposite clique the ‘jocks’. Their image now stands out from a lot of other bands that are in the same genre which creates the ‘outcast’ effect - their hair, the way they dress and their actions suggests the ‘dorky’ part we see in the video.

The video begins with a preview rating card, which is shown at the beginning of trailers to tell the audience the rating and that it has been approved. This immediately says we will be watching a trailer, and there is more to the story than we will actually see. The rating we are given is ‘R – Revenge’, you soon realise this is the plot of the music video. Whilst this is shown we hear a voice over of a boy talking, the frame then changes to a frame of their motif their album cover – a cartoon of a boy and girl, the camera moves through them and the title ‘MCR Productions’ fades onto the screen; a sign that the band have participated in the making of the video, giving them credibility for creativity. It then cuts to a medium close up of two school boys lounging on some stairs, the boys are infact the lead singer of the band (Gerard Way) and the guitarist (Ray Toro). The voice we hear is matched to the guitarist, making the sound now diegetic. The guitarist tells the singer that he should ‘face it, you’re never gunna make it’ because he likes all the wrong things. We don’t know what the right things are but by the representation of the boys its is obvious they mean popularity because they are the opposite of a typical ‘popular’ person – dressed in a scruffy uniform and long hair covering parts of the faces. Whilst this happens a non-diegetic guitar plays a rocky intro, when Gerard replies “I don’t wonna make it, I just wonna…” the song begins properly.

Throughout the video there is repetition of titles - a black background with white writing, except they do not display names but tell the story of the song. This is the first thing we see after the cut from the band members, it says ‘If you ever felt’, this first line was put at the beginning of the video so the audience know you have to read them and by leaving the sentence unfinished, you want to carry on watching to see what comes next. It cuts to an establishing shot of a swimming pool where it is obvious there is a race about to take place, the camera then tracks behind the bare legs of the swimmers warming up to a pair of legs that are still in school trousers. The next title appears, saying ‘alone’ linking in with the action on screen. It cuts back to the establishing shot zooming out and we see the race begin but the boy still in uniform (Gerard the lead singer) still stood at the start, alone. Already there is a different feel about certain characters.

The third title we see repeats the first with ‘If you ever felt’ which cuts to a medium shot of a group of ‘jocks’ laughing and pointing, giving a sense of teasing. A quick cut to a close up of another student, a smart looking boy (who again is a band member, guitarist Frank Lero) and his reaction to the jeering. Next title tells us ‘rejected’ and we see the teasing being taken to a different level as a medium close up of the jocks shows one of them throwing a sandwich at Frank Lero. As the note being played by the guitar gets gradually octaves higher there is a sequence of quick cuts, varying close ups, two shot with different foregrounds and backgrounds and crab left, of a mix of different boys that have been ‘rejected’ for different reasons, this is reflected in the variation of the camera angles which each shot shows their response and emotion to what just happened to the guitarist; each boy is a different member of the band.

As the guitar notes still creep higher, the quick cut sequence carries on but with extreme close ups of parts of instruments being plugged in, tuned in and turned on or up. The continuing of the sequence shows there is a relationship between the boys being picked on and the music instruments, the quick cuts are then stopped by a close up of the lead singer singing the first words of the song, and a few moving shots of the band playing behind him in an room that could be a garage that has a few lights hanging on the back wall and had been what looks like sound proofed, this suggests a retreat for the ‘rejects’ which they have spent a lot of time doing up to get away from those bullies and here they have the confidence to say what they would really think to them, in the form of song.

The narrative storylines of the band members begin again the a title saying ‘If you ever felt confused’ followed by a crab left of the guitarist Frank Lero putting on swimming goggles rather than lab goggles, obviously confused, and the rest of the frame shows the new setting of a science lab. A crab left was to make the audience subconsciously take the whole frame in and see the change of setting, so we recognise it in the frames that we see next but make us notice the importance of Frank putting on the goggles.

The repeated cut away of the next title says, ‘If you ever felt lost’ and the cut back takes us to the lab again to a close up then medium shot of the other guitarist Ray Toro spinning around child-like on a chair, oblivious to what is going on around him. The second phase of the bands performance comes in when the lyrics claim “It’s better off this way”, to remind the audience of the rebelling words they sing when not being confronted by the bullies.

‘If you ever felt anxious’ describes the next shot of the bassist Mikey Way as he takes a inhaler which is commonly used for asthma, a breathing problem and can be linked with anxiety. A slight match on action happens as Mikey goes from central screen taking his inhaler to central screen of the bands performance playing his bass, to emphasise that it is him and the bands image. This edit is followed by another series of busy, moving shots of the band playing the song.

The characteristic cutaway titles of the video responds ‘If you ever felt wrong’, it cuts back to a close up of a hand putting down a piece of paper marked with a red F which denotates fail and we witness Gerard Way putting down the piece of paper and celebrating, happy that he failed until a fist comes from the side of the frame and punches him; when watched carefully you can see he doesn’t actually get punched but the high angle frame after showing him recoiling from the blow adds to the effect that he has been punched and the high angle makes him look small which is the bully putting him back in his place, the title frame next explains this by repeating the one before ‘If you ever felt wrong’ but fading in ‘ed’ at the end of wrong. The next few frames jump from the performance back to the lab again as the lyrics break into the chorus of “I’m not okay, I’m not okay, I’m not okay, You wear me out” we see the lead singer getting angry and throwing his mic stand to the floor and close ups of his pleading look with his strange trade mark make up (which he used to wear in the early days of the band, not so much once they had a make over for their second studio album) giving him a distressed facial expression after having just been punch and his character in the narrative sitting up clutching his face. We also observe the band members in the lab eating chalk and drinking an unknown substance in a glass jar whilst the frames still alternate back and forth from performance to narrative.

After we witness the band getting angry and appearing to be taking a stand against the bullying, all the titles of ‘If you ever…’ make a change and start to relate to their peers rather than them, as if they’re trying to reassure themselves that its not just them it happens too.

When the next verse comes in there is a notion-of-looking as the setting changes to a cubicle in the toilets, only close up of body parts are seen in this section as we see from a shot on the floor that there is a pair of feet stood in a cubicle, which cuts to a boy undoing his flies. The title here suggests time has passed and something has happened as the title says ‘If you ever felt unclean’, to which it cuts back and we now see girls feet in the cubicle to, the narrative is broken up with shots of the performance of the band.

As the chorus comes in for the second time, the story line moves on to the title ‘If you ever felt angry’ and we view from the side a girl opening her locker and band member Frank Lero jumping out and onto the screen with a close up quick cut of him from the front as he scares the girl who opened the locker. Again this narrative is separated with shots of the band starting to get more confident in what they’re singing about.

The next title we look at is ‘If you ever felt ashamed’ and the next sub story we catch a glimpse of is a happy looking make student again opening his locker and a crab right shows on left pill pots falling out of his locker and his expression of embarrassment on the right, the next frame shows a close up of the pots falling to the floor and bouncing in slow motion as the cut back to crab right shows him slamming his locker door shut, humiliated.

Setting for the next ‘If you ever felt’ is in a locker room with two shot of a couple of naked boys facing away from each other in the frame from the torso up, the title tells us ‘If you ever felt curious’ and the cut back shows one of the boys scrutinizing the others body while he is unaware.

As the song comes to a halt, we see a cheerleader sitting on a bench in the locker room, with the guitarist Frank Lero – breaking the convention of cliques not getting on and stereotypically the ‘rejects’ not being very good talkers with pretty girls. The shot is from behind them with their faces towards each other, giving the notion-of-looking also as there is no other sound just the talking “Y’know, you have something in your eye…” the camera stays steady as they lean towards each other, but he stays true to the convention and gets that something out of her eye and wipes it on her. When the impact hits that they don’t kiss the music starts abrupt with a guitar solo. The shot changes to a wide shot as he stands up and walks out of the frame leaving her alone.

The titles start again, but like they did at the beginning as we only see ‘If you ever felt’ and cutaway to a medium shot of a female teacher coming out of a small cupboard, a cut back to the next title which says ‘Used’ followed by a cutaway to a male teacher following her out of the room, not looking pleased. This is the last of the sub stories about ‘If you ever felt’.

There is then an establishing shot of the school as the bassist, Mikey Way, pops his head up into the frame – not all of his face is shown, which could suggest there is something else about to go on - and looks to the left and right of the frame then runs off. A sequence of shots from the band playing the song still interrupts the narrative as the emotion in their playing and Gerards’ voice gets more intense, like they’re waiting for something. We pursue after Mikey as he turns up in an office, a close up shows him putting a tape in a player and connecting it to an announcement microphone. There is then a cut to a speaker so we understand that the tape is now playing.

The setting switches to a library, and the music decreases drastically in volume, keeps the same tune but plays it classically with a piano instead of the conventional guitars. A crab right shows Ray Toro reading a book while behind him there are students dancing to the music which we presume is being played through the speakers. A wide shot reveals all of the students who had taken part in the narrative sub storylines dancing in partners around the band who are sat in arm chairs, quite relaxed but look like they are waiting for something, in the middle of them is a globe which could symbolise that everything revolves around them and secretly quiet like the music they are secretly in control of what is happening to them. While this is happening the lead singer whispers the chorus “I’m okay, I’m okay”. As he shouts the last okay, the music explodes to its original rock state and the plan they have been building comes to life as there is an extreme close up of Gerards face and we see more of the bands performance.

Setting changes again to outside the school and a medium wide shot shows cheerleaders cheering in slow motion, and a wide shot shows the band playing croquet which at the beginning was said to be wrong, when a jock runs into Gerard on purpose and they fall to the floor – the bullying being taken from jeering to more physical. The lyrics and the delivery of them gets heated as he shouts “But you really didn’t listen to me, Because I’m telling you the truth, I mean this, I’m okay!” The rest of the band look fed up as the jock walks away. The pace of the cuts gets to a sequence of quick cuts and a new title is shown saying ‘Be prepared to feel’. The camera goes back to the cheerleaders and behind their happy smiles, dramatic irony and comedy steps in and we see Gerard run into the team mascot. ‘Revenge’ is then shown in the next title frame as it cuts back to the band all jumping the mascot in slow motion and we see a quick shot of someone urinating into a locker that has sports clothes still in it – revenge. A title shows ‘Feel the romance’, cuts back to a tracking shot of the band as they walk down a school corridor holding croquet bats in their hands menacingly. This symbolises violence and the audience can predicted that there will be a fight. ‘My brutal romance’ is followed by a cutback to a track of the jocks walking down the corridor, also with weapons.

Then there is a montage of the band playing and ‘My beautiful romance’ and ‘My miserable romance’. A wide shot shows the two rivals meeting head to head ready to fight, a pause is made by another montage of the band playing and different titles such as ‘My x-rated romance’ and ‘My harlequin romance’ then back to the wide shot where the two sides run at each other, ending with a series of quick cuts beginning with a title ‘My chemical romance’, a close up of Gerard finishing the song, then a zoom out of the garage the band were originally playing in and them all walking out.

To finish the trailer style music video there is titles at the end stating the song title, starring, assistant director, production manager, production designer, costumes, editor, director of photography, key grip, graphics, commissioner, executive producers, producer and who it was written and directed by.

Fall Out Boy - Thanks for the Memories



Fall Out Boy is a Grammy-nominated pop punk band from Wilmette, Illinois, formed in 2001. The band consists of Patrick Stump (vocals and guitar), Joe Trohman (guitar and vocals), Pete Wentz (bass guitar and vocals), and Andy Hurley (drums and percussion). With Pete Wentz as the band's primary lyricist, and Patrick Stump as the primary composer, Fall Out Boy reached mainstream success with its major label debut, From Under the Cork Tree. Released in 2005, the album won several awards and has achieved double platinum status after selling more than 2.5 million albums in the United States alone.

"Thnks Fr Th Mmrs" (pronounced "thanks for the memories") is the third 2007 single released by Fall Out Boy. It is featured on their 2007 release Infinity on High. The song, according to bassist Pete Wentz refers to a romantic relationship which has ended, but both lovers continue to "sleep with each other" to please their physical and mental desires. The title, "Thnks fr th Mmrs" is the words "thanks for the memories" after having the vowels removed, much like it would be written as part of a text message. Another reason for the song title's lack of vowels comes as a joke towards Fall Out Boy's record company, who have asked them to shorten their often long song titles.The line that appears near the end of each chorus, "He tastes like you, only sweeter," is a line from the movie Closer.

The video takes the form of a performance based routine, like a few bands so, especially rock and indie bands. It shows how a band wants to be original when an industry is trying to tell you how to do it. It starts with the and performing and being filmed, when they are made to cut, monkeys then run in and tell the band how useless they are and that they should have hired fellow indie rock band 'Panic! At The Disco'. The monkey then brings out a mobile phone and texts someone claiming "Yo! This band is whack!" This is all to show the relationship between the music industry (monkeys) and bands. Of course music industries are always trying to make bands and musicians act, look and perform, but Fall Out Boy want to show their not like everyone else, wanting to be individual with their own look and sound.

The video begins with the band smartly dressed in shirts and smart trousers entering the stage, first of all Pete praises the monkeys saying "this guy is a visionary". They begin playing but are soon cut and the monkey runs on shouting insults at them for the way they play. A wide shot shows the whole band looking pretty annoyed at the comments but carrying on playing never-the0less. This is when the mobile is pulled out and the slating text is sent. The text is using a mocking tone, and is stereotypical 'chav' speak, as though it is appealing to all groups of people.

There are quite a few close ups used as the band are playing but also wide angled shots to show the whole band plus the 'FOB' sign in the background. The camera moves around quite a lot too, barely keeping still. It pans around the set a number of times, showing the filming equipment being used to capture the performance giving the audience the feeling that they are the director, a notion-of-looking.

The way in which Pete and various other band members play their instruments is seen in many other bands performance based videos, especially the way Pete spins his guitar around is similar to AC/DC's guitarists, showing that they have done their research and know the history of bands and what can get a crowd going.

There is a scene in which Pete Wentz (an obvious eye candy figure for this film) is looking in the mirror, topless. and hands fun all over his boys, and then he is on a bed with a girl who is dressed in skimpy clothing and they begin to kiss, to put an emphasis on Pete's attractiveness and fitness (an easy way to get yourself noticed in a looks obsessed market).

Overall, the video is used to subconsciously tell the audience that the band doesn't want to be just like every other band, it wants to stand out and rebel, to show that they are different. Rebellion is shown by the set smash up with a guitar at the end. This is to show that they have had enough of being told what to do. And the breakage is a metaphore of them breaking the rules and also breaking the stereotype. The video uses a performance to show what the band has to offer, and show they want to be recognised by their faces (more personal) but also there performance and music skills.

Black Eyed Peas - Boom Boom Pow



The Black Eyed Peas (BEP) is an American hip hop group based in Los Angeles. The group is composed of will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo and Fergie. Since their breakout album Elephunk in 2003, the group's hip hop/dance-oriented style has sold an estimated 18 million albums worldwide and 9 million singles. Their latest studio album, The E.N.D., was released in June 2009. This is full of mixed genre music as the band don't genuinelly stick to the 'one trick pony' rule.

"Boom Boom Pow" is a single by the Black Eyed Peas released as the lead single from their fifth studio album, The E.N.D. The song uses the auto-tune vocal effect, and blends the genres of dance pop, electro-hop and hip hop. The song also attempts a futuristic quality, with Fergie rapping the lyric "I'm so three thousand and eight, you're so two thousand and late.", and when apl.de.ap says "I'm a beast when you turn me on, into the future cybertron." Will.i.am stated that the lyric helped inspire the futuristic concept of the video. Will.i.am also stated on the Merrick and Rosso breakfast show (Nova 96.9) that the song was heavily influenced by the electro sounds he heard in the nightclubs in Sydney, Australia, which again links to the mixing genres. In an interview to MTV, it was said that "the concept of the video is the Black Eyed Peas' birth into the digital afterlife," Fergie said. "So the transformation is us going into a sort of cocoon and coming out the other end as forms of energy. It's a parallel to the music industry. Now everything is downloaded." Group member will.i.am stated the video was inspired by how digital the world has become and hopes the video portrays "what it would be like if we were actually in the computer, if art was fused in it," he said. This is also a link to media and the music industry as it is all about technology and being intertextual.

The video starts with Taboo flicking through pictures on a HP TouchSmart, which is obviously a way in which they show the range of digital technology. He selects the image of an explosion. As the singing starts, images of computer icons and random computer codes are flashing in the background, as if the computer was loading up as the song 'loads'. The Black Eyed Peas are then seen singing their verses of the song. While this is happening, dancers are seen in striped suits, dancing to the song, and negative images are turned into positive images. e.g. the explosion turns into a tree swing, the grenade into a microphone, a gun into a trumpet and a digital combination of the four members, this is almost a message being sent as though everything can be solved by music, because all these disasterous things happening then change into musical instruments. The digital combination is of the four members genetic makeup of their faces and fused them digitally. If they all fused together in one body that is what their face would look like, this shows the band are so close that it could be as if they are one person connected by their love of music. The use of positive to negative is a way for the group to show there concern with what is going on in the world, mainly war. This shows they are a little less selfish, as the whole video isn't just focusing on them, even though they are included. This is mixing performance and narrative to show their talents as an artists and almost futuristic characters, to show they can do more than just perform, making them stand out in a competitive industry.

There is a wide range of quick cuts between each separate artist and then dancers, providing the audience with a personal introduction to all of them, especially as they all have there own choruses. This is also links to the fast pace of the song, and its upbeat tune. This is a simple way for artists to re-publish themselves, as it seems they have came back with a very different sound and style, so this is almost a way to introduce themselves all over again, as this new style may win them a whole new group of fans. There is very minimal camera angles in this video they are mostly wide angled or just basic, this is to show the simplisty of the video, they want the focus to just be on them, without adding too much confusion or movement. The lighting is also very simple too, it's quite bright but also some coloured lighting too, mainly greens again linking to the futurism and money aspect but also there is some red used which is usually linked to danger or passion which could signify their passion for music. The relationship between visuals and lyrics is pretty simple. Everything is fitted together perfectly. What the song is saying the images are showing, this again can show their meaning simply without the confusion of trying to work out why they are showing it a certain way, this also shows how they want to get there message across as they say it with words and with imagery. The dancers used in this film are all very conventional to most music videos brought out, they are dressed in very tight clothing and of a slim physique, but this time they are not on show, the clothes they are wearing completely covers them up, face also. All of this is a link to the futuristic appeal of the video, so there is a special edge to their dancers, making them stand out that little bit more whilst representing them as the 'sexy' models used in most music videos in this current time. Another hint to to futuristic is the lasers used, there is a lot used throughout the whole thing, some even covering members faces, lasers are a very stereotypical object when thinking of the future. All these lasers are the colour green, this could merely be just because lasers are usually this colour, or it could be representing money, as they are in a very money oriented industry, and money is the sole purpose of music videos, they are made to make money.

This is use of futurism could also have a underlining message behind it, saying that Black Eyed Peas will still be around and just as (if not more) popular as they are in the current days, but they are showing this subconsciously. Boom Boom Pow is Black Eyed Peas step from R'n'B in to the new genre; electro funk!


Taylor Swift – You Belong With Me



The lyrics in this music video generally set the plot for the narrative and the title “You belong with me” is the last line of the chorus so is repeated throughout the song, this emphasises the words and as an audience we see deeper into the lyrics and feel ourselves what is it like.

The opening shows the relationships of the characters and tells the audience how we should feel towards each character, sorry for the bleacher, dislike for the popular and a bit of mixed emotion of the jock by their clothing and body language.

The video is narrative based with Taylor Swift playing two of the main girl characters, the stereotypical geeky or bleacher one and popular one, whilst both of the girls love interest is a jock. The audience knows this because of their clothing and relate to this as they are guaranteed to know people who are like this; the bleacher wears casual, comfortable clothing with big black rimmed glasses while the popular Taylor wears fashionable, revealing clothing. This changes at the end setting of a school prom and the geek Taylor is seen wearing a long white dress which represents innocence and purity which makes her stand out, this is dramatic irony because we as an audience know it will finish with a happy ending – like most of Taylor Swifts other songs do such as Love Story. The popular character wears a red dress which is quite revealing, this could show that she is revealing her true colours – a danger. This subconsciously warns the audience that they shouldn’t feel sorry for her as she is the bad one.

The jock character is played by Lucas Till who is an up and coming new Hollywood actor who starred as a young Jonny Cash in Walk the Line 2005 and Hannah Montana: The Movie 2009. Both of these films are very different target audiences and by using Lucas in a music video broadens even more his acting filmography and associates Taylor Swift with him.

The settings are all typical places teenagers should be – bedrooms, park bench, rugby pitch and the stands and school. The audience feels more involved as they will understand what it is like to be in those places and the atmosphere of them. The privacy of a bedroom, the intimacy of a park bench, the hype of a pitch and the stands and the excitement and romance of a school prom.

There is no sound apart from the single that is being played in conjunction to visuals, occasionally Taylor mimes to parts of the song that are related to storyline such as “You belong with me” and “She’s cheer captain and I’m on the bleachers”, this shows that its from Taylor’s bleacher characters’ point of view and that we should sympathise with her.

At the beginning there is a zoom establishing shot of two houses, one being the jocks house and the other Taylors’ bleacher characters house, with a star lit sky which sets a romantic feel to the shot. We know that the “you belong with me” is from the bleacher Taylors’ point of view aimed at the jock, we understand this by there being multiple 2 shots of them together and the zoom from the establishing shot represents the closeness of the two. We also know this because there are a lot of over the shoulder shots, when we see them communicating through their bedroom windows which shows a notion-of-looking into a private relationship. Other camera angles that are used throughout are close ups to capture emotion and especially on the artist Taylor Swift as a motif.

During the scenes with the over the shoulder shot through bedroom windows, a shot reverse shot is used to create a conversation between them as they hold up signs to eachother instead of talking. This mise-en-scene shows privacy and special memories between them and emphasises the words exchanged. Blurs are used to focus our attention and emotions on what action or emotion the stereotypical characters are feeling or doing at the moment. At the moment of the bleacher Taylors’ change from unnoticed to noticed a fade in and fade out to show the audience a change in time and a change in feelings or emotions.

The props used during the video usually represent and emphasise the cliques that are stereotyped, things like a fancy car driven by the popular Taylor are in your face and can’t be unnoticed much like the bleacher Taylors’ thick framed glasses. This shows the audience how important it is that they understand the difference in the represented characters to the narrative.

As the video finishes, the characters get a happy ending where finally the bleacher Taylor and the jock get together and the audience feel satisfied as Taylor repeats the last line of the chorus “You belong with me”.